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1803 |
The territory containing Boulder County became a part of the United States with the Louisiana Purchase. |

Boulder Canyon |
1858 |
July: Fifty-Niners streamed into the Rocky Mountains of the western United States during Pike's Peak Gold Rush. Rich ores of gold were discovered in Gold Hill, Colorado, thought to be the first permanent mining camp in the area.
First permanent Anglo-European settlers arrived at the mouth of Boulder Canyon. |
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1859 |
February 10: Boulder City Town Company formed. To encourage settlement of the area, over 4,000 lots were selected and offered for $1,000 each. This price was later reduced to entice more people.
Charles Dickens published A Tale of Two Cities.
Charles Darwin published The Origin of Species, which argues that species evolve through a process of natural selection. The first run immediately sold out.
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1861 |
February 28: Colorado established as a territory.
April 12: American Civil War began.
Pony Express began service.
Treaty of Fort Wise signed between the U.S. government and leaders of several bands of Arapaho and Cheyenne Native Americans. The treaty extinguished their land title in Colorado with the exception of a reserve in southeast Colorado.
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1862 |
Boulder County formed.
President Abraham Lincoln signed the Homestead Act into law, encouraging the settlement of "the new West."
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Early Telegraph Line
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1863 |
January 1: President Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation.
The first telegraph line connected Denver to the east. |
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Artist's Interpretation of Sand Creek Massacre
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1864 |
November 29: Boulder and Longmont's Company "D" of the 3rd Colorado Volunteer Cavalry involved in the Sand Creek Massacre near Sand Creek, Colorado. At least 400 Native American noncombatants who had been given permission to camp at Sand Creek were killed.
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1865 |
April 9: General Robert E. Lee surrendered to the Union Army, ending the Civil War.
April 14: President Lincoln assassinated. |
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1866
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January 1: Boulder County's first newspaper, the Valmont Bulletin, was published. |
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1867 |
Denver established as the state headquarters of Colorado.
The town of Boulder was awarded the county seat.
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Battle of Beecher Island Engraving |
1868 |
September 17-19: The Battle of Beecher Island was fought between the U.S. Army and several Plains Indians tribes near present-day Wray, Colorado. |
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1869 |
July 11: The Battle of Summit Springs was fought between the U.S. Army and the Cheyenne Dog Soldiers near Sterling, Colorado. |

Denver Pacific Railroad |
1870 |
February 3: The 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution passed, guaranteeing African-American men the right to vote.
Denver Pacific Railroad constructed to connect Denver to the Union Pacific Railroad line in Cheyenne, Wyoming. |
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1871 |
Boulder City incorporated.
Boulder's first bank, the Bank of Boulder, established.
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1873 |
Railroad service extended to Boulder when the Colorado Centrail Railroad laid Boulder's first tracks, thereby replacing the carriages that had been used for mail delivery. The tracks are still in use today and run parallel to the Diagonal Highway.
Coors Brewing Company began making beer in Golden, Colorado.
Production began for the first practical typewriter.
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1876 |
July 4: United States Centennial.
August 1: Colorado became the 38th State. |

University of Colorado ~ Boulder |
1877 |
November 21: Thomas Edison announced his invention of the phonograph, a machine that can record sound.
The University of Colorado opened in Boulder. |
Mary Rippon
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1878 |
February 19: Boulder appointed its first police marshal, William Debord, to maintain control of burgeoning urban problems like crime, corrupt politics, prostitution, and saloons.
Mary Rippon appointed the first female professor at the University of Colorado in Boulder. |
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1880 |
May 13: Thomas Edison performed the first test of his electric railway.
Telephone exchange opened in Boulder.
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1882
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July 4: Boulder's first courthouse was dedicated. The city started building it after receiving the county seat.
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Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan
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1887 |
January 20: The U.S. Senate allowed the Navy to lease Pearl Harbor as a naval base.
March 3: Anne Sullivan began teaching Helen Keller.
The Simpson Coal Mine opened in Lafayette, Colorado and was a major factor in the community's economic development.
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1890 |
The new Boulder train depot at the corner of 14th and Water Streets dedicated. (Water Street would be renamed Canyon Boulevard the following year.)
The Boulder Pressed Brick Company opened. Many Victorian homes found on Mapleton Hill of Boulder were built with their pressed brick.
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1892 |
January 1: Ellis Island began accommodating immigrants to the United States.
The Brown Palace Hotel in Denver was established. |
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1893 |
November 7: Colorado women receive the right to vote after a statewide popular election approved the ballot item. |
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1894
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The Boulder-Colorado Sanitarium and Hospital established in a home on University Hill. |
Chautauqua Auditorium
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1898 |
April 25: The United States entered into the Spanish-American War. A young man named Walter Lawry enlisted and fought in the war.
December 10: The Treaty of Paris was signed, ending the Spanish-American War.
Boulder residents approved a $20,000 bond election for Chautauqua Auditorium, which opened July 4th.
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Tungsten
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1899 |
June 24: The Boulder Street Railway launched after rail tracks and power lines were installed and 12 brown and yellow cars arrived by train. The fare was five cents.
June 25: Three Denver newspapers published a story that the Chinese government was planning to demolish the Great Wall of China. The story is later proved to be erroneous.
Tungsten discovered in the local area. Boulder County became world's leading producer of tungsten by World War I, yielding 2,800-3,000 tons from a total production of 5,900 tons.
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1900 |
June: First automobile seen in Boulder. |
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1902 |
Boulder resident Andrew Mackey owns the first registered automobile in town. It cost him $1 to register it with the city. |
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1903 |
February 15: Teddy bears introduced in the United States.
November 23: Colorado governor sent state militia into the town of Cripple Creek to break up a miners strike. The strike and the governor's response precipitated the Colorado Labor Wars. |
Victor Victrola
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1905 |
June 8: President Theodore Roosevelt signed the Antiquities Act into law, authorizing the president to restrict use of certain public lands with historical or conservation value.
June 29: Mesa Verde in southwest Colorado declared a National Park.
August 22: First Victor Victrola, a phonographic record player, manufactured. Future guests of the Hotel Boulderado will listen to orchestra music on one stationed in the lobby.
December: Boulder City Council discussed Boulder's need for growth and decided that a luxury hotel would ensure the city's future.
During the course of the year, Albert Einstein published four papers, formulated his theory on special relativity, and explained the photoelectric effect by quantization. It is regarded as Einstein's "miracle year."
The fore-runner to the Chamber of Commerce, the Boulder Commercial Association, organized with the goal to spread the word that Boulder was "the place to live," work, and make a profit.
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Sketch of proposed hotel
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1906 |
Spring: Boulder Hotel Company formed. Subscriptions taken from Boulder residents at $100 a share to raise money to build the hotel.
Summer: The site and design were chosen for Boulder's new hotel.
Fall: Groundbreaking for new hotel.
Curran Opera House opened in Boulder for opera, silent films, and musical productions.
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1907 |
Controversy erupted over the choice of a name for the new hotel. The final selection was Boulderado, a combination of "Boulder" and "Colorado."
Boulder passed an anti-saloon ordinance, outlawing "intoxicating beverages."
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Henry Ford |
1908 |
September 27: Henry Ford produced his first Model T automobile.
December 31: Hotel Boulderado's gala opening reception. Locals came in to inspect the rooms and furnishings. Among the visitors was a future owner and manager, Hugh Mark.
First run of electric Interurban train from Denver to Boulder.
World's largest tungsten mill built north of Nederland, Colorado.
The Central Colorado Power Company started construction on the Barker Dam near Nederland.
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Hotel Boulderado |
1909 |
January 1: Hotel Boulderado opened. The Commercial Association moved its headquarters to the new city landmark.
September 20: Construction on the University of Colorado's Macky Auditorium began.
The Union Pacific Railroad introduced a self-contained forty-two-passenger rail car on its Denver-Boulder route. The 78' car was powered by a six-cylinder gasoline engine, offered seats of "unusual width," oval windows that could open, and a reserved smoking compartment.
By the end of the year, more than 200 automobiles have been registered with the city of Boulder.
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1910 |
April 20: Comet Halley visible from Earth.
November 17: Ralph Johnstone, a pilot for the Wright Exhibition Team, died in Denver after his machine broke apart in mid-air in full view of 5,000 spectators.
Enos Mills, "father of Rocky Mountain National Park," stayed at the Hotel Boulderado.
Ethel Barrymore, actress, stayed at the Hotel Boulderado.
3,000 Boulder County coal miners went on strike. The strike will last five years.
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Stanley Steamer |
1911 |
February 18: First official airmail flight took place in India when Henri Pequet carried 6,500 letters 13 kilometers.
The daily stagecoach that ran between Boulder and Nederland was replaced by a Stanley Steamer.
The Colorado National Monument was created west of Grand Junction by presidential order.
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1912 |
April 15: The RMS Titanic sank, killing over 1,500 people.
William Beattie took over as owner and manager of the Hotel Boulderado. Hugh Mark came with him and served as Assistant Manager.
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Helen Keller
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1914 |
April 20: The Colorado National Guard attacked a tent colony of 1200 striking coal miners in Ludlow, Colorado, killing 24.
June 28: The Archduke of Austria was assassinated, setting off a chain of events that led to the outbreak of World War I.
Helen Keller stayed at the Hotel Boulderado.
Charles C. Buckingham's family donated Boulder Falls site to the city of Boulder with the goal of "saving this beautiful spot from the encroachment of the great tungsten boom."
The U.S. Army occupied Louisville, Colorado during the coal miner's strike. |

Rocky Mountain National Park |
1915 |
January 12: Enos Mills succeeded in stimulating legislation that resulted in establishing Rocky Mountain National Park.
An unseasonable cool summer meant fewer tourists in Boulder, and the Boulderado's business fell off by 20%.
The first stop sign appeared in Detroit, Michigan.
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1916 |
May 23: Hugh Mark married Etta in Denver.
Nederland, Colorado declared to be the tungsten capital of the world. |

Bolshevik Revolution |
1917 |
February: Members of the Colorado State Penitentiary who had improved the Boulder Canyon road were treated to a noon dinner in the Boulderado's dining room.
March 16: Etta Mark gave birth to a son, William ("Bill"), who would grow up in the Boulderado.
April 6: The United States declared war on Germany and entered World War I. The Red Cross set up "work rooms" in the Hotel Boulderado where mothers, sisters, wives, and girlfriends could roll bandages and knit socks and sweaters for their men overseas.
September 11: Paving of Boulder streets began when the first concrete was poured near the corner of 18th and Pearl Streets.
November 7: Bolshevik Revolution began in Russia.
As more women became working or single mothers because of World War I, there was an increased need for day care in the community. To serve this need, the Women's Club of Boulder Civic Committee organized the Boulder Day Nursery Association.
Hugh Mark took over as manager of the Hotel Boulderado.
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